In 1953, not long before President Dwight Eisenhower suffered a heart attack in office, the social scientist Leland Allbaugh published “Crete: A Case Study of an Underdeveloped Area.” The landmark analysis of the eating patterns of an isolated Greek population strongly suggested that a calorie-limited diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and olive oil and low in animal protein, particularly red meat, could lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes, decrease chronic disease and extend life.
Medical research over the last half-century has largely borne out this initial finding. Weight-loss fads and eating trends come and go, but the so-called Mediterranean diet has stood fast. “Among all diets,” Dr. Walter Willett of Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health concluded in an email, “the traditional Mediterranean diet is most strongly supported for delivering long term health and wellbeing.”
Kentucky State University's Aquaculture Research Center hosted an Introduction to Aquaponics Workshop on Friday, July 20, 2018. Over fifty participants loaded into the provided transportation and started the morning off with a tour of Bluegrass Aquaponics located in Midway, Kentucky. After the tour, they returned to KSU's Aquaculture Research Center where Tilapia and lettuce grown at Bluegrass Aquaponics and KSU's ARC were served for lunch. Information on taste, quality, and overall opinion of aquaponic products were collected to help provide consumer feedback to producers.
Kentucky State University's Aquaculture Research Center conducted a "Build Your Own
Aquaponics System Workshop," on Saturday, July 21, 2018. Participants had the opportunity to learn the basics of system design, how to build their own systems, and acquired the tools to maintain their own backyard aquaponic system.
Many of the items used for their systems are affordable and can be easily acquired. The Intermediate Bulk Containers or IBCs are lightweight, durable, corrosion resistant and can be purchased at most farm stores. The bottom portion of the IBC's were cut off and used to hold the grow media for plants and the top portion will be utilized to rear fish in the aquaponic system.
At the end of the day, participants got to take their systems home. Staff at the Aquaculture Research Center will be checking in on the success of the participants and how well they did with their backyard aquaponic systems.
Team Ray Publishes Two Part Series in the Journal of Aquaculture Engineering
Tom Tierney and Leo Fleckenstein published a two part series in the Journal of Aquacultual Engineering. Both papers looked at the effect of various RAS filtration systems on water quality and animal production metrics. Tom's paper examined those effects on shrimp and included a survey of stable isotope dynamics among the animals, while Leo's paper examined the impacts of the filtration techniques on juvenile tilapia. Both papers explore ways that farmers can produce fresh seafood year-round without much water use, thereby helping to facilitate sustainable food production.
Thomas Delomas Earns his Ph.D. in Environmental and Natural Resources and Position as Fisheries Research Geneticist
Recently, Thomas Delomas, former KSU Master's Aquaculture student, was hired as a Fisheries Research Geneticist at the Eagle Fish Genetics Lab of Idaho Department of Fish and Game (Boise, Idaho).
Thomas earned his Master's Degree in Aquaculture in 2015 and earned his Ph.D. in Environment and Natural Resources from Ohio State University in 2018.
At his new position, Thomas will perform studies on genetics and bioinformatics in frame of projects supported by Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC). Additional information on Thomas's new position can be found at:
'The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018' is the title of a report released by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) which found that "... global fish production will continue to expand over the next decade even though the amount of fish being captured in the wild has leveled off and aquaculture's previously explosive growth is now slowing ... [The] report projects that by 2030 combined production from capture fisheries and aquaculture will grow to 201 million tonnes ... That's an 18 percent increase over the current production level of 171 million tonnes ... In 2016, production from aquaculture reached 80 million tonnes, ... providing 53 percent of all fish consumed by humans as food ... Some 59.9 percent of the major commercial fish species that FAO monitors are now being fished at biologically sustainable levels, while 33.1 percent are being fished at biologically unsustainable levels ... The other 7 percent are underfished ..."
The title of the July 9, 2018 FAO News Article is "Is the planet approaching "peak fish"? Not so fast, study says; Significant production increases foreseen over coming decade - Sector faces major challenges"
July 9, 2018 FAO News Article
Web site: The July 9, 2018 FAO News Article is posted at
Fishy Study Links Seafood To Prevention Of Parkinson's
A new study from Sweden suggests the link between consumption of fish and better long-term neurological health could involve the protein Parvalbumin.
The protein, found in great quantities in several different fish species, has been shown to help prevent the formation of certain protein structures closely associated with Parkinson's disease.
One of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease is amyloid formation of alpha-synuclein. The team at Chalmers University of Technology have discovered that parvalbumin can form amyloid structures that bind together with the alpha-synuclein protein. It effectively 'scavenges' the alpha-synuclein proteins, using them for its own purposes, thus preventing them from forming their own potentially harmful amyloids later on.
"Parvalbumin collects up the 'Parkinson's protein' and actually prevents it from aggregating, simply by aggregating itself first," explains Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede, Professor and Head of the Chemical Biology division at Chalmers, and lead author on the study published in Nature.
With the parvalbumin protein so highly abundant in certain fish species, increasing the amount of fish in our diet might be a simple way to fight off Parkinson's disease. Herring, cod, carp, and redfish, including sockeye salmon and red snapper, have particularly high levels of parvalbumin, but it is common in many other fish species too. The levels of parvalbumin can also vary greatly throughout the year.
"Fish is normally a lot more nutritious at the end of the summer, because of increased metabolic activity. Levels of parvalbumin are much higher in fish after they have had a lot of sun, so it could be worthwhile increasing consumption during autumn," says Nathalie Scheers, Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, and researcher on the study.
Other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, ALS and Huntington's disease, are also caused by certain amyloid structures interfering in the brain. The team plans research this topic further, to see if the discovery relating to Parkinson's disease could have implications for other neurodegenerative disorders as well.
Alexander Kramer's research thesis project is on the evaluation of the reproductive ability of triploid koi x goldfish hybrids. This year the reproduction of triploid females having two haploid genomes of goldfish and one haploid genome of koi was investigated.
During spawning, these triploid females were crossed with males of koi and goldfish. Obtained larvae were stocked for raising in outdoor round tanks.
In three to four months the ploidy of juveniles from these progenies will be determined by flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in the erythrocytes. Based on these data, some conclusion on ploidy of eggs produced by triploid females will be made.
The Aquaculture Production Sciences Team helped harvest fish at Versailles Montessori School (VMS). As part of the teaching component of an 1890 Capacity Building Grant, Dr. Ray's team has been working with VMS to construct and utilize a high tunnel greenhouse with two recirculating aquaculture systems and two large plant beds in it to facilitate hands-on STEM learning activities.
This semester the elementary school students grew largemouth bass. Parents and students from the school helped fillet the fish, and a large fish-fry was held to help raise awareness about the project.
Amit Sharma is currently working on his thesis research titled "Evaluation of Spawning
Aids for Induced Spawning of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)". In this study
he is comparing GnRHIIa with HCG and GnRHIIa+Domperidone combination in induced
ovulation and spermiation of female and male largemouth bass respectively. He is
studying ovulation related parameters in female largemouth bass and investigating effects of different hormone injection in sperm quality (sperm density and sperm motility) of male largemouth bass.
It is part of a project with the Southern
Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAC) titled "Improved Reproduction in Foodfish (Catfish
and Largemouth bass), Baitfish, and Ornamentals using a New Spawning Aid (GnRH
IIa)".The project involves collaborative work of four institutions on studying efficacy,
reliability and safety of GnRH IIa in various species.
The work at Kentucky State
University features evaluation of this spawning aid for induced spawning of Largemouth
Bass. The safety and performance information from the study will help forming FDA
compliant trials for approval of an INAD (Investigational New Animal Drug).
Kasondra Miller is continuing to conduct her thesis research on the dietary phosphorus requirement of Largemouth bass fed plant based diets. Plant based diets result in antinutritional factors. Phytic acid; found in corn, wheat, and soybeans; impacts the digestion and absorption of phosphorus. The aim of adding additional phosphorus in plant based diets is to supplement to account for the unavailable phosphorus bound up in the phytic acid.
Kasondra and her colleagues in the nutrition department harvested and processed the Largemouth bass for plasma, molecular analysis, organ indices, proximate analysis, and carcass mineral composition.
2018 Outstanding Graduate Student Award Goes to Gagan Devaiah Kolimadu
The 2018 Division of Aquaculture Outstanding Graduate Student Award was given to
Gagan Devaiah Kolimadu for his leadership and academic excellence while working as a
graduate student at the Kentucky State University Aquaculture Research Center. Gagan
works under the supervision of his Major Professor Waldemar Rossi.
Spring Spawning Continues at the Aquaculture Research Center
Spring at the Aquaculture Research Center is one of the busiest times of the year.
Faculty, staff and students work long days that sometimes extend into the late
hours of the evening.
Last week Dr. Gomelsky and Dr. Semmens spawned Largemouth bass with
students enrolled in the AQU 528 Fish Reproduction & Spawning Techniques class/lab. Students gain plenty of hands on experience during spawning season and throughout the year at the ARC. They administered hormonal injections for spawning, stripped gametes and fertilized eggs from various species. Offspring will be used for future research at the Aquaculture Research Center at Kentucky State University.
More information: Halley E. Froehlich el al., "Comparative terrestrial feed and land use of an aquaculture-dominant world," PNAS (2018). www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1801692115
To satisfy the protein demands of an anticipated nearly 10 billion people by 2050, the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and researchers around the world estimate current animal production will need to grow by an average of 52 percent. Meeting this need without pushing the environment to the brink will be critical.
New evidence shows seafood from aquatic farming—aquaculture—can help feed the future global population while substantially reducing one of the biggest environmental impacts of meat production—land use—without requiring people to entirely abandon meat as a food source.
A new study from UC Santa Barbara's National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) found that the amount of cropland required to support future protein needs with more farmed aquatic animals would be significantly smaller than if terrestrial livestock production met those needs. This research is the first land-use analysis of future food systems to focus on aquaculture—the world's fastest-growing food sector—and helps reveal its potential role in conservation and food security. The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Aquaculture Graduate Students in the AQU 527/528 Fish Reproduction and Spawning
Techniques class and Lab will be spawning fish for the next few weeks. This week they have
been working with Paddlefish. Students used gill nets to capture fish at the Aquaculture
Research Center, moved them to the Aquaculture Hatchery and injected the fish with
hormones to speed up the reproduction process. This hands on work is part of the students
class. Two females, three males were chosen to spawn.
Students handle the fish and make direct observations that complement printed materials,
videos, and other class materials. The class is taught jointly by Dr. Gomelsky and Dr.
Semmens. Dr. Steve Mims, who taught at the Aquaculture Research Center before retiring,
also assisted with spawning this week.
KSU is known for our work with paddlefish so it is a bit of a tradition as well. The students
certainly enjoy it and are not likely to get this experience at other locations.
The hatchery lab course covers induced spawning of paddlefish, largemouth bass, koi, and koi
x goldfish hybrids. Dr Gomelsky covers tilapia and there are field trips – for example, the Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources Peter W. Pfeffer Fish Hatchery to observe spawning of sauger.
World's Largest Aquaponics Operation Opens in American Heartland
There might be plenty of fish in the sea. Now, more than 1,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean, there are plenty of Atlantic salmon—120,000 pounds' worth—in the Town of Northfield, Wisconsin.
Superior Fresh, LLC, opened in late August thanks to a university-private industry collaboration and is expected to employ up to 50 people. The business reports it is the largest aquaponics facility in the world and the first indoor recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) in Wisconsin raising Atlantic salmon.
The 40,000-square-foot fish-rearing facility is using the same water to raise the salmon, as well as rainbow trout, which nurtures eight types of greens in a RAS setup that is also known as aquaponics. All the products will feed consumers hungry for fresh, locally produced goods. Superior Fresh is, said COO Brandon Gottsacker, "Based on the prospect that we can change the world."
Ordering off the seafood menu may help ease the aches and pains of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), according to a new study in Arthritis Care & Research. People with RA who ate fish at least twice a week reported less joint swelling and tenderness than those who rarely or never did—and the findings suggest that the more fish they ate, the less active their disease.
The study involved 176 people with RA who answered questions about their diet over the past year. Specifically, the authors looked at responses to questions about how often people ate tuna, salmon, sardines and other fish prepared raw, broiled, steamed or baked.
They did not look at how often people ate fried fish, shellfish or fish in mixed dishes (like shrimp stir-fry, for example), because these meals tend to be lower in omega-3 fatty acids—a type of fat with anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have shown that taking fish-oil supplements (which are rich in omega-3s) may benefit people with RA, but this is among the first studies to look at the consumption of actual fish.
Aquaculture is drawing entrepreneurs and investors, in an overfished world with a growing appetite for the healthy protein.
Farmed or wild? Local or imported? Organic? Or some certification you've never heard of?
Anyone who has tried to be an eco-conscious seafood consumer—or seen headlines about plummeting wild fish stocks or antibiotic-laden seafood from farms in China—has faced these questions.
There are many more. Take farms, whether inland or in the ocean. So much depends on the particular operation. Are antibiotics used to fight disease in overcrowded pens? What's the feed made from, and is too much provided? How much waste do the fish create? Are the currents strong enough to disperse all of that? What is the ocean floor like? Are the fish native?
"With fish, people come in and debate," said TJ Tate, director of the Sustainable Seafood Program at the National Aquarium in Baltimore. "Consumers want to see a tag, a label, a box, something they can feel confident about, and grab it and go."
"A lot of labels are private or secretive or changing or flexible," said Marianne Cufone, executive director of the Recirculating Farms Coalition. Some are more respected than others, and it's hard for the average consumer to know the difference. While Canada and the EU have organic seafood standards, the U.S. does not.
Now, entrepreneurs, investors, and some environmentalists are beginning to coalesce around aquaculture as a potential long-term solution to the depletion of the oceans and the world's increasing appetite for this healthy protein. A 2016 report from the United Nations found that 31.4% percent of the world's stocks were overfished and another 58.1% fully fished. Meanwhile, aquaculture surpassed wild-caught fish as a source of seafood for human consumption in 2014. Many see it as the next frontier in sustainable food production.
"We're eating more seafood globally, which is a good thing because it's healthy, but we're taking more than the ocean can naturally replenish," said Amy Novogratz, managing partner of Aqua-Spark, a Netherlands-based investment fund focused on sustainable aquaculture businesses. "Aquaculture is known a little bit for its bad reputation, and some of it is deserved," she said, referring to issues like China's use of antibiotics and fish feed made from wild-caught species. "But it's a young enough industry that you can go in and rebuild it a little, so as it grows, it grows more sustainably."
US aquaculture producers should be able to transport live fish across state boundaries without the prospect of inadvertently triggering draconian penalties, following a ruling by a Court of Appeal last week that deems that the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) does not have the authority to prohibit interstate transport of injurious wildlife.
Dr. Andrew Ray Published in the Journal Aquacultural Engineering
Dr. Andrew Ray, along with two co-authors (Thomas Drury and Adam Cecil), published a new paper in the journal Aquacultural Engineering. The paper describes an experiment conducted at the Aquaculture Research Center (ARC) which compared two types of production systems for growing marine shrimp indoors.
Dr. Ray is an Assistant Professor of Aquaculture Production in the
Aquaculture Division, Thomas Drury was an intern at the ARC from the University of Miami who now works for Pentair Aquatic Ecosystems, an international aquatic supply company, and Adam Cecil is a recent (December 2016) graduate of the Agriculture, Food, and Environment Bachelor of Science Program at KSU.
U.S. Farm-Raised Fish and Shellfish Publications Available for Education and Promotion
U.S. Farm-Raised Fish and Shellfish Publications
Available for Education and Promotion
The National Aquaculture Association (NAA) has developed a variety of fact-based, high-quality, full-color and reader-friendly brochures. These publications communicate to consumers, buyers, chefs or health care professionals the quality, value and wholesomeness of U.S. farm-raised fish and shellfish as well as the federal and state regulations that govern production, handling and processing.
Locally Farmed Seafood: Safe & Sustainable encourages consumers to buy locally farmed fish and shellfish for their safe, wholesome and nutritious benefits, environmental sustainability, and the positive impact on local economies.
U.S. Farm-Raised Seafood and Food Safety describes non-voluntary and voluntary federal and state food inspection and safety programs and the incredible nutritional values of farm-raised fish and shellfish.
U.S. Farm-Raised Fish and Shellfish Q&A answers commonly asked water quality, sustainability, drug and chemical use, diet and food safety questions with science and regulatory facts.
U.S. Farm-Raised Fish and Shellfish for a Healthier & Happier Life provides in-depth nutritional information for children, teens and adults as well as the health benefits of consuming fish and shellfish during pregnancy. The facts concerning Omega-3 fatty acids, mercury and PCBs are also presented.
United States Aquaculture: Fact & Fiction corrects erroneous perceptions concerning fishmeal, food safety, drug and chemical use, Omega-3 fatty acids, mercury, environmental effects, sustainability, PCBs, and eco-labels.
Farm-Raised in the USA is a poster 34 fish and shellfish farmed in the United States. Each species is depicted in full-color and identified by market, scientific and common name.
Each of these attractive, educational publications can be previewed at: http://thenaa.net/publications. Call or email the NAA office at 850-216-2400 or naa@thenaa.net to order copies for public or promotional events, buyer meetings, or mail-outs.
The Seafood Health Facts Website is designed to be a comprehensive resource on seafood products for healthcare providers and practitioners and their patients. It is also intended to be a resource for consumers to obtain objective information on seafood products. In today's information age, consumers and healthcare providers are frequently exposed to information on a single topic that may or may not provide a complete picture of all of the issues that can help them make informed choices about the seafood they consume. The Seafood Health Facts is designed to provide information and resources on risks, benefits and product choices that can help consumers make informed decisions and help healthcare providers give balanced objective information to their patients.
The information on this site is organized by topic and includes resources for seafood nutrition and the benefits of seafood consumption, seafood safety and the risks associated with certain types of seafood, a comparison of the risks and benefits of seafood consumption, and the seafood supply in the U.S. It is also organized to provide different types of resources appropriate for different groups of people. It has organized the educational materials and other resources for each of the seafood and health related topic tabs at this site into three different sections based on their usefulness for: the general public; healthcare professionals; and scientific publications for all groups.
For further information please visit the site by clicking the link:
Dr. Sid Dasgupta and Richard Bryant Have Published a New Book Chapter
Dr. Sid Dasgupta, Professor at Kentucky State University and Research Associate, Mr. Richard Bryant have recently published a book chapter in Tilapia in Intensive C0-culture. Their chapter, chapter 17, is titled, "The Economics of Small-Scale Tilapia Aquaculture in the United States."
Tilapia in Intensive Co-culture
Peter W. Perschbacher (Editor), Robert R. Stickney (Editor)
ISBN: 978-1-118-97066-9
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
Please follow the link below for more information on this publication:
The U.S. Aquaculture Society (USAS), North Central Regional Aquaculture Center (NCRAC) and National Aquaculture Association (NAA) produced an aquaculture webinar series during 2016 that features 14 current and timely aquaculture topics presented by knowledgeable speakers. The webinars were:
Aquaponics - How to do it yourself!
Mandatory Inspection of Fish of the Order Siluriformes
Labeling Requirements for Siluriformes Fish and Fish Products
What You Need to Know About Biosecurity
How to Design Your Biosecurity Plan
Recreational Fish Pond Management
The HACCP Approach to Prevent the Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species by Aquaculture and Baitfish Operations
U.S. Farm-Raised Finfish and Shellfish 101
Regulatory Costs of U.S. Aquaculture Businesses
Branding Opportunities for Oyster Farmers
Seafood in the Diet: Benefits and Risks - Farm-Raised and Wild
Use of Veterinary Feed Directive Drugs in Aquaculture
Social Media: An Introduction for Successful Use
Fish Health: What You Need to Know as an Aquaculture Producer
To access these webinars, visit http://thenaa.net via your desktop computer or mobile device and select "Webinars" from the menu.
The NAA website is packed with information. Please explore NAA's webpages to find downloadable publications, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), Kids Corner, recipes, video interviews describing aquaculture sustainability and the value and benefits of seafood to human health, and a wealth of additional information. If there is a topic that is missing, please contact the NAA office at 850-216-2400 or naa@thenaa.net.
New Edition of the Guide to Using Drugs, Biologics and Other Chemicals in Aquaculture Available
A new edition of the Guide to Using Drugs, Biologics, and Other Chemicals in Aquaculture has just been released. The new edition includes updates regarding recent changes to antibiotic drug accessibility and descriptions of the most common fish diseases.
All aquaculture operations have occasional demand for drugs, biologics, and other chemicals, collectively referred to as "regulated products." The Guide was developed by the American Fisheries Society, Fish Culture Section, as a comprehensive introduction to the use of regulated products in aquaculture and a resource for fisheries professionals.
The Guide provides updated information on aquaculture drugs and contacts for providing feedback. A companion treatment calculator is available in Excel formats. These tools are indispensable for those in need of detailed information regarding the legal and judicious use of these products in aquaculture.
Forbes recently published an article titled, The Future Of Food Is Wet And Salty, detailing aquaculture as food.
Aquaculture is an umbrella term that describes seafood farming in all its iterations, including growing saltwater fish and shellfish in the ocean, and freshwater fish in recirculating systems on land. Aquaculture isn't new–some methods, like traditional Hawaiian fishponds and oyster farming as practiced in Ancient Rome, are age-old practices. But much of the rapidly expanding aquaculture industry today is thriving on new technologies and techniques. And this industry–especially the ocean-based iterations of it–represents the future of food.
Dr. Andrew Ray Publishes Article in Ohio State University Newsletter
Dr. Andrew Ray, Assistant Professor of Aquaculture Production, published an article in the December issue of Buckeye Aquafarming, an extension publication from Ohio State University. The article is titled "The basics of biofloc aquaculture systems," and details some of the opportunities and issues surrounding the intensive aquaculture systems that Dr. Ray works with at KSU.
Biofloc systems get their name from small "floc" particles suspended in the water column which are largely composed of microorganisms. These microbes help to maintain proper water quality and provide supplemental nutrition to animals such as shrimp, thereby recycling nutrients and lowering the animal feed conversion rate.
Americans Are Eating More Fish, But Still Not Enough
This week is all about turkey. But year round, Americans are making room on their plates for more fish and other seafood.
We ate an average of 15.5 pounds of it in 2015, continuing a three-year rise, says a recent report from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
But here's the catch: That's roughly one 4-ounce serving each week, or half the 8 ounces recommended for most adults in U.S. dietary guidelines. The American Heart Association also urges adults to eat two fish meals a week.
New FDA Aquacultured Seafood Information Page
FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) has developed a webpage focusing on this topic which was designed to "... provide content about aquacultured seafood, including consumer information, guidance for industry, and education and outreach. The webpage covers topics specifically related to the safety of aquacultured seafood, and sections of the webpage are Facts about Aquacultured Seafood, Foreign Country Assessments, Good Aquaculture Practices, Frequently Asked Questions, and Additional Resources ..."
Web site: Source: November 10, 2016 FDA Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance e-mail update, titled "Aquacultured Seafood Webpage Now Available"
Questions about aquaculture may be directed to the Office of Food Safety of the Division of Seafood Safety, a unit of the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition in College Park, Maryland at 240 402 2300; e-mail: SeafoodHACCP@FDA.gov
Certificate Degree in Aquaculture/Aquatic Sciences
Certificate Degree in Aquaculture/Aquatic Sciences
In the United States over 90% of the seafood consumed is imported. Aquaculture is now the world's leading provider of seafood and the fastest growing segment of world agriculture. The Division of Aquaculture is KSU's Program of Distinction and is highly regarded in both research and academics. KSU offers more online aquaculture courses than any university in the U.S. A Certificate Degree in Aquaculture/Aquatic Sciences can be earned by completing 12 hrs of Aquaculture (AQU) courses, with a grade of "C" or better, within five years of beginning the initial course work. Courses can be online, classroom, or any combination. To enroll, students must first be admitted to the University on either a degree seeking or non-degree seeking basis. Work completed for the Certificate Degree may later be applied toward the Bachelor of Agriculture, Food, and Environment (AFE) degree.
Aquaculture/Aquatic Sciences Certificate Program
The Certificate Degree in Aquaculture/Aquatic Sciences will require a minimum of 12 credit hours of course work chosen by the student from the Division of Aquaculture offerings (AQU prefix). These can either be classroom or online classes. Only classes in which students receive a "C" or better will count toward the Certificate Degree. These classes can also count toward the Aquaculture Systems option for the B.S. in Aquaculture, Food, and Environment (AFE) and/or the Aquaculture Minor should the student pursue a high degree.
Available Online Courses
To earn the Aquaculture/Aquatic Sciences Certificate entirely online, you must complete four (Students choice) of the following online courses:
Dr. Boris Gomelsky Has Published Amazon Kindle eBook "Fish Genetics"
Dr. Boris Gomelsky has recently published an Amazon Kindle eBook "Fish Genetics". This eBook is intended for koi hobbyists and culturists. Below is the corresponding link to the book:
If you click on the book cover on the Amazon website, you can see a preview of the book.
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10 - Year NOAA Sea Grant Aquaculture Vision
"10-Year NOAA Sea Grant Aquaculture Vision". The purpose of this 10-year vision is to: (1) determine Sea Grant's most appropriate roles over the next 10 years; and (2) identify priority research and outreach strategies leading to sustainable economic development, environmental conservation and social well-being.
Please Click the Link Below for the Full Publication:
Constructing Fish Tanks in High Tunnel Greenhouses
This video was shot at the Kentucky State University High Tunnel Complex. High tunnels are relatively simple greenhouse structures commonly used to extend the growing season of crops. In this video Dr. Andrew Ray describes some large fish tanks that have been constructed with wooden frames and rubber liners. The fish tanks are being used to grow tilapia, with the goal of getting market-sized fish in one growing season in Kentucky. Time-lapse and underwater video footage help to illustrate Dr. Ray's points.
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Dr. Sid Dasgupta, Richard Bryant, and Alejandro Velasquez recently published an article in World Aquaculture Magazine titled, "Local Food Markets For Catfish In Kentucky."
Dr. Gomelsky and his team recently published two articles in new issues of North American Journal of Aquaculture. The first article describes ploidy variability and viability of fish obtained from triploid koi females. It is typically considered that triploid fish are sterile. However, triploid
koi females, which were obtained at the Aquaculture Research Center at Kentucky State University, developed large ovaries and appeared to be fertile. The data presented in the article shows that fish obtained by crossing triploid koi females with normal diploid koi males are aneuploids and
have intermediate ploidy between diploid (2n) to triploid (3n) level. This indicates that triploid females produce aneuploid eggs with unbalanced chromosome numbers.
The second article describes inheritance of red eyes in koi. Red eyes is a trait typical for albino fish or other animals. However, data presented in this article shows that trait "red eyes" in koi is under control by not albino but by another demelanization mutation. In experimental progenies red-eyed fish with black (melanin) pigmentation on body were identified. Also, crossing of red-eyed koi with wild-type colored common carp resulted in appearance of fish with black eyes and light body color. These studies were supported by USDA Evans Allen and State's Program of Distinction funds.
Dr. Boris Gomelsky Publishes Video On Koi Breeding
Dr. Boris Gomelsky and KSU Aquaculture graduate students spawned koi in the hatchery this Spring. Video was recorded, edited and posted onto YouTube. This video demonstrates the process of koi artificial breeding and includes stripping of eggs and sperm from koi broodstock, and artificial fertilization of eggs. In order to remove adhesiveness, after fertilization eggs are placed in McDonald incubation jars where they are vigorously moved in water/milk suspension by air bubbles for 50-60 minutes. Then air flow is substituted with water flow for further incubation of eggs.
Video edited by Charles Weibel
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Scale-Transparency and Red-Eye Mutations in Koi
Dr. Boris Gomelsky, KSU Aquaculture Professor, describes two mutations in koi and demonstrates mutant fish from experimental progenies.
Video edited by Charles Weibel
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Growing Marine Shrimp in a Biofloc System
This video was shot during a harvest of the indoor marine shrimp production system at Kentucky State University's Aquaculture Research Center. Dr. Andrew Ray describes some of the benefits and concepts behind biofloc-based aquaculture. The video serves as an introduction to this relatively new and exciting topic which can be used to grow marine shrimp in practically any building, allowing fresh, whole, jumbo shrimp to be grown near and sold to a variety of inland markets.
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Dr. Jim Tidwell on GCTV with Bill Miller
Dr. Jim Tidwell, Chair of Kentucky State University's Division of Aquaculture and past-president of both the US Aquaculture Society and the World Aquaculture Society, discusses how to deal with dwindling fish supplies and overfishing.
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Aquaponics - An Integrated Fish and Plant Production System
Alltech-KSU Research Alliance Focus on Aquaculture Sustainability
To learn more about aquaculture & agriculture sustainability and the research alliance between Alltech and Kentucky State University, click on the link below.
Fish Genetics 
Principles of Aquaculture 
